Clinical manifestations of hd depression include a marked increased risk for suicide. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. Refers to the development of a depressive illness following childbirth and may form part of a unipolar or, less frequently, a bipolar illness. Etiology of depression and depression 1109 words bartleby. Depression is the main cause of disability worldwide, according to the world health organization who. There is simply no unifying theory that can explain all clinical depression, likely because of the heterogeneity of the. No one knows exactly what causes it, but it can occur for a variety of reasons. This can make bipolar disorder hard to distinguish. In an age when psychiatry strives to identify the biologic causes of disease, studying endocrinerelated mood disorders is particularly intriguing. Depression major depressive disorder or clinical depression is a common but serious mood disorder. Buy this article and get unlimited access and a printable pdf.
Pregnancy and postpartum are associated with dramatic alterations in steroid and peptide hormones which alter the mothers hypothalamic pituitary. For psychotic or melancholic depression, physical and biological factors are relevant. The most common comorbidities associated with insomnia are psychiatric disorders. Major depressive disorder american journal of medicine. Depression is a common symptom of bipolar disorder, and research shows that people with this disorder may have symptoms around half of the time. Depression is a chronic mental disorder that causes changes in mood. Dysthymic depression lasts a long time but involves less severe symptoms. The etiology of depression in children cannot be explained by one. Depression symptoms, causes, medications and therapies. Circadian factors might play a crucial role in the etiology of depression. The etiology of depression is not fully understood. Pharmacy college, kashipur, azamgarh depression is the most common of the affective disorders.
The etiology of depression in children cannot be explained by one mechanism, as it is likely a combination of biology, personality traits, and life events. Its often said that depression results from a chemical imbalance, but that figure of speech doesnt capture how complex the disease is. Research suggests that depression doesnt spring from simply. Depression is a disorder affecting mood and general outlook. Etiology and treatment of postpartum depression springerlink. To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. Indeed, the fact that the study involved firstepisode patients suggests that a. International journal of depression and anxiety clinmed. Postpartum depression is common and occurs in up to 18% of newly.
A number of validated instruments are available both for diagnosis of and response to treatment. Depression, in psychology, a mood or emotional state marked by feelings of low selfworth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life. This depression journal with high impact factor offers an open access platform. Research over the past few decades has implicated monoamine dysfunction as a possible cause for depressive symptoms delgado, 2000.
Isolated descriptions of what appears to have been the replacement of depression by somatic symptoms with or without somatic pathology have not yet been organized into a coherent whole. Abstract the conceptual difficulties in the diagnosis of depression, and the study of affect generally, hinder a clear approach to the organic side of depressive illness. This article has been cited by other articles in pmc. The contributing factors vary substantially from one person to the next. Bipolar disorder manicdepressive illness while not as common as. The essential amino acids are precursors to the neurotransmitters associated with depressions. Despite a large amount of research, there is considerable controversy about the role that child sexual abuse plays in the etiology of depression. Each type of depression is associated with different mixtures of causes. Depression differs from simple grief or mourning and can be classified. The causes of clinical forms of depression are complex. An overview on depression siva manimala y1, sanjana gautam1 and goutham reddy b2 1department of pharmacy, vignan institute of pharmaceutical technology, visakhapatnam, andhra pradesh, india. Some people experience depression during a serious medical illness. Etiological models for depression are largely diathesisstress models in which.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Etiology is poorly understood but is likely to involve an interaction. The etiology of depression depression in parents, parenting, and. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the. The etiology of depression is considered particularly complex due to its psychosocial, genetic, physiological, and hormonal factors components saveanu and nemeroff 2012.
Depression also called clinical depression or a depressive disorderis a mood disorder that causes distressing symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. It has been demonstrated that the disruption of circadian rhythms by lighting conditions and lifestyle predisposes individuals to a wide. A loss of interest in activities or feeling sad and down are symptoms that characterize this condition. Etiology of depression an overview sciencedirect topics. During a severe depressive episode, on the other hand, it is. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the creative. Depressionalso called clinical depression or a depressive disorderis a mood disorder that causes distressing symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping. Sexual dysfunction and depression are very common conditions that are agerelated and chronic. This article is part of a special issue parental care.
There is a growing trend to view depression as a biological illness rather than a psychosocial condition, even though there is no consensus as to what causes depression. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive. The fact that not all depressed patients respond to the same antidepressant treatment suggests that dysfunction of many mechanisms or neuronal pathways may be. To be diagnosed with depression, symptoms must be present most of the day, nearly every day for at least 2 weeks. It is estimated that 40% of all insomnia patients have a coexisting psychiatric condition. Article pdf available august 2015 with 6,596 reads. The impact of individual depressive symptoms on impairment plos. A unified approach to understanding the etiology of depression. Depression is a medical condition that many people are afflicted with, where some dont even realize they are suffering from it. Genetic factors, several specific brain disorders, gender, as well as life events or circumstances all are involved in the causal pathway.
The etiology of depression is still not well understood. Here, we consider four central mechanisms that have substantial support in literature for their importance in depression etiology and that have. Pediatric ect electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents and children. Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7. Etiology of depression etiology of depression depression can be defined as a typical mental issue that give discouraged disposition, less interest or delight, diminished energy levels, sentiments of. Although poststroke depression is unlikely to represent a single disorder and numerous etiologies for different kinds of poststroke depression will likely emerge as the result of future. Participants were selected from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety nesda, an ongoing cohort study into the etiology and prognosis of depressive and anxiety disorders. Suicide ranks as the 10th leading cause of death in the united states and the second leading cause of death for children, adolescents, and young adults 1524 years old. The etiology of hd depression is unclear, but may be due to a number of factors, such as dysfunction in the.
If you take two or more tests in any nursing journal published by lww and send in your ce. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping. To start with, biology mattersthere can be genetic and. In men, epidemiologic studies have confirmed a strong correlation between erectile. Postpartum major depression american family physician. Genetic and environmental factors in summary, depressed patients with a history of childhood trauma may have a distinct depression endophenotype. Journal of depression and anxiety open access journals. The oindex nicely refines the etiology of depression. Fundamentally, such depressive symptoms as sad mood, pessimism, and lethargy, are universal human experiences and are considered normal reactions to the struggles, disappointments, and losses of everyday life. Factors involved in developing depression key points to remember where to get more information introduction unlike other illnesses or disorders. Combined with clinical data for 29 subjects earlier reported three categories emerge p 4. Major depression is a mood disorder characterized by a sense of inadequacy, despondency, decreased activity, pessimism, anhedonia and sadness where these symptoms severely disrupt and adversely affect the persons life, sometimes to such an extent that suicide is attempted or results.
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